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What Cambridge says you should be able to do, in our words. Codes are the topic number plus the objective’s position.
Recall the reactions (reagents and conditions) by which alkanes can be produced: (a) addition of hydrogen to an alkene in a hydrogenation reaction, H₂(g) with Pt/Ni catalyst and heat; (b) cracking of a longer-chain alkane, heating with Al₂O₃.
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Describe: (a) the complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes; (b) the free-radical substitution of alkanes by Cl₂ or Br₂ in the presence of ultraviolet light, as exemplified by the reactions of ethane.
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Describe the mechanism of free-radical substitution with reference to the initiation, propagation and termination steps.
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Suggest how cracking can be used to obtain more useful alkanes and alkenes of lower Mr from heavier crude oil fractions.
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Understand the general unreactivity of alkanes, including towards polar reagents, in terms of the strength of the C–H bonds and their relative lack of polarity.
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Recognise the environmental consequences of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and unburnt hydrocarbons arising from the combustion of alkanes in the internal combustion engine, and of their catalytic removal.
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