Loading…
0 of 7 objectives have lessons · 0 studied · 0 secure
Lessons for this topic haven’t been written yet. The objectives below show exactly what the syllabus expects, so you can plan with them in the meantime.
What Cambridge says you should be able to do, in our words. Codes are the topic number plus the objective’s position.
Recall the reactions (reagents and conditions) by which halogenoalkanes can be produced: (a) free-radical substitution of alkanes by Cl₂ or Br₂ in the presence of ultraviolet light, as exemplified by the reactions of ethane; (b) electrophilic addition of a halogen, X₂, or a hydrogen halide, HX(g), to an alkene at room temperature; (c) substitution of an alcohol, e.g. by reaction with HX(g); or with KCl and concentrated H₂SO₄ or concentrated H₃PO₄; or with PCl₃ and heat; or with PCl₅; or with SOCl₂.
No lesson yet
Classify halogenoalkanes as primary, secondary and tertiary.
No lesson yet
Describe the following nucleophilic substitution reactions: (a) with NaOH(aq) and heat to produce an alcohol; (b) with KCN in ethanol and heat to produce a nitrile; (c) with NH₃ in ethanol heated under pressure to produce an amine; (d) with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol as a method of identifying the halogen present, as exemplified by bromoethane.
No lesson yet
Describe the elimination reaction with NaOH in ethanol and heat to produce an alkene, as exemplified by bromoethane.
No lesson yet
Describe the SN1 and SN2 mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes, including the inductive effects of alkyl groups.
No lesson yet
Recall that primary halogenoalkanes tend to react by the SN2 mechanism, tertiary halogenoalkanes by the SN1 mechanism, and secondary halogenoalkanes by a mixture of the two, depending on structure.
No lesson yet
Describe and explain the different reactivities of halogenoalkanes, with particular reference to the relative strengths of the C–X bonds, as exemplified by the reactions of halogenoalkanes with aqueous silver nitrate.
No lesson yet