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What Cambridge says you should be able to do, in our words. Codes are the topic number plus the objective’s position.
Recall the reactions (reagents and conditions) by which aldehydes and ketones can be produced: (a) oxidation of primary alcohols using acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ or acidified KMnO₄ and distillation to produce aldehydes; (b) oxidation of secondary alcohols using acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ or acidified KMnO₄ and distillation to produce ketones.
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Describe: (a) the reduction of aldehydes and ketones using NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄ to produce alcohols; (b) the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN, KCN as catalyst, and heat to produce hydroxynitriles, as exemplified by ethanal and propanone.
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Describe the mechanism of the nucleophilic addition reactions of hydrogen cyanide with aldehydes and ketones in 17.1.2(b).
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Describe the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH reagent) to detect the presence of carbonyl compounds.
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Deduce the nature (aldehyde or ketone) of an unknown carbonyl compound from the results of simple tests (Fehling's and Tollens' reagents; ease of oxidation).
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Deduce the presence of a CH₃CO– group in an aldehyde or ketone, CH₃CO–R, from its reaction with alkaline I₂(aq) to form a yellow precipitate of tri-iodomethane and an ion, RCO₂⁻.
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