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What Cambridge says you should be able to do, in our words. Codes are the topic number plus the objective’s position.
Define a transition element as a d-block element which forms one or more stable ions with incomplete d orbitals.
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Sketch the shape of a 3dxy orbital and a 3dz² orbital.
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Understand that transition elements have the following properties: (a) they have variable oxidation states; (b) they behave as catalysts; (c) they form complex ions; (d) they form coloured compounds.
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Explain why transition elements have variable oxidation states in terms of the similarity in energy of the 3d and 4s sub-shells.
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Explain why transition elements behave as catalysts in terms of having more than one stable oxidation state, and vacant d orbitals that are energetically accessible and can form dative bonds with ligands.
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Explain why transition elements form complex ions in terms of vacant d orbitals that are energetically accessible.
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