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What Cambridge says you should be able to do, in our words. Codes are the topic number plus the objective’s position.
Define and use the terms degenerate and non-degenerate d orbitals.
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Describe the splitting of degenerate d orbitals into two non-degenerate sets of d orbitals of higher energy, and the use of ΔE, in: (a) octahedral complexes, with two higher and three lower d orbitals; (b) tetrahedral complexes, with three higher and two lower d orbitals.
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Explain why transition elements form coloured compounds in terms of the frequency of light absorbed as an electron is promoted between two non-degenerate d orbitals.
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Describe, in qualitative terms, the effects of different ligands on ΔE, on the frequency of light absorbed, and hence on the complementary colour that is observed.
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Use the complexes of copper(II) ions and cobalt(II) ions with water and ammonia molecules and hydroxide and chloride ions as examples of ligand exchange affecting the colour observed.
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